Effect of Thickness and Annealing Temperature on Optical Properties of CuIn1-xGaxSe2 (CIGS) Thin Films |
Author : Najiba Abdullah Al- Hamadani ,Falah Ibrahim Mustafa, Jamal Jasim Al-Kabi |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :CuIn1-xGaxSe2(CIGS) thin films for x=0.3 with the thickness (500,1000) nm on glass substrate at ambient
temperature have been prepared by thermal evaporation technique from four-component semiconductors alloy
(CIGS) which obtained by the melt-quenching method. The effects of thickness and annealing temperature on
structural and optical properties have been studied. The results showed that as the film thickness increases the
crystallinity improves and the more improvement were observed with the increase in annealing temperature.
The optical measurements revealed that most of the optical properties were significantly affected by the
thickness and annealing temperature, the CIGS thin films conformed that all films have, direct allowed energy
gap of (500 and 1000 ) nm thickness as prepared equal to ( 1.75 and 2.35 ) eV respectively. |
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Effect of Treasury Bill Rate on Exchange Rate Level and Volatility in Kenya |
Author : Maureen Muthoni Ndagara |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :Government through central bank sells or purchase Treasury bills to represent government securities’ interest
rate in open markets operations with the aim of influencing liaquidity conditions in the financial system. Again
central bank make adjustment in the treasury bill rates with the intention of devaluing her currency so as to
encourage export and discourage imports. Kenya has been facing high volatility of exchange rate and a
continuous depreciation of Kenya shilling to US dollar. Depreciation of the home currency decreases return on
investment when investing internationally. |
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Modelling and Simulation of Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger Using different Types of Fluids |
Author : Vipul N. Gandhi, Dr. S. N. Nemade, Dr.P.V. Thorat |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :The shell and tube type of heat exchanger module is to be used for simulation study of various fluid systems on
rate of heat transfer. The ionic fluids are used to see the difference in outlet temperature of fluid as compared to
reference fluid. The cooling fluid is made by adding various amounts of solutes to water and the effect is observed
on rate. Also suggestions are made on the nature of heat transfer, rate of heat transfer and improved effectiveness
in the rate of heat transfer as compared to the normal process. The conclusions are made about the best simulated
results obtain from Chemcad software on rate of heat transfer. |
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Improving maintenance management: Case Study of a Local Textile Company |
Author : Monageng R,Kommula V P,Mapfaira H, 1Gandure J,Segatlhe B T and 1Thabano K O H |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :The manufacturing sector in Botswana has been rapidly growing in recent times. Maintenance management
system plays a vital role in keeping equipment on condition and also major contributor for overall productivity.
The current study seeks to improve maintenance management of a local textile case study company with its
operations based in Gaborone Botswana. The study sought to assist the organization take advantage of low
labor costs and good export policies to manufacture goods for both local and the international markets through
effective maintenance management. |
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Pesticide recommendation system for cotton crop diseases due to the climatic changes |
Author : Mrs.’s. Pudumalar, Ms.K.S. Suriya, Mr. Ramanujam, Dr.S. Muthuramalingam |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :Data mining is a process of extracting knowledge from a vast database using tools and techniques. Data
mining plays an important role in decision making on issues related to many real-time problems such as
business, education, agriculture etc. Data mining in agriculture helps the farmers to decide on crop yield ratio,
water resource management, pesticides management and fertilizer management. Nowadays, climatic change is
one of the challenging problems in agriculture which has a greater impact on productivity |
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